Benefits Of Developing Countries Adopting Capital Controls...

Capital control is defined as a type of measure governments can use to regulate and restrict the amount of money flowing from capital markets in order to keep inflation under control while maintaining a competitive real exchange rate. International Monetary Fund (IMF) has been slowly shifting its beliefs to where capital control policies can be deemed useful for countries during a potential crisis. Some countries, especially the developing ones that implemented capital control policies have experienced success in the recovery of the economy upon the face of unfavorable economic conditions. This paper will explore on the cost and benefits of developing countries adopting capital controls during a recession, a case study on Malaysia’s†¦show more content†¦As a result, it raises volatility in consumption and income for these investors, as the investment portfolios is not fully diversified due to a lack of international investments to reduce other systematical risks. II. Benefits of developing countries adopting capital controls Capital restriction on inflows helps avoid foreign financing, restricting developing countries from being too dependent and vulnerable to sudden stops of capital inflow, which may lead to a financial crisis if the country is too reliant on such financing. The implementation of capital controls may help with the expansion of financial markets with improved development objectives, as well as reducing the growth and fuelling of asset bubbles (Cordoro and Montecino 4). Capital controls omits the possibility of investing in capital inflows inefficiently, thus does not triggers market distortions in a situation of over-investment in certain markets such as the recent burst of the dot com and housing bubble within the economy. Adopting capital controls have allowed developing countries with the ability to pursue a more independent monetary policy. This has led to positive GDP growth due to the promotion of stability in prices and reaching the level of sustainable output and employment growth. The implementation of capital controls prevents a large volume of capital inflow, avoiding the appreciation of the

Essay on Roman Influence on Byzantine Empire and Islamic...

Mother of the World â€Å"The mother of the world has been killed,† stated a 5th century historian, bereft and appalled when the news of Rome’s fall had reached ear. Certainly his words hold truth, for Rome - the dauntingly colossal Empire engulfing the Mediterranean and all territories around it; the source of artistic, intellectual, and cultural ascendancy; the influential factor of brilliance in so many of the coexisting societies of the western world - was truly the predecessor and creator of all Western Civilization to come. However, what no one knew, was that the lasting impression this powerful and astonishing civilization would make upon the world, even if only through the works of fleeting memory or written text. As always, with loss†¦show more content†¦Silk soon became an imperial monopoly, and through this way, the trade of luxury items became the Byzantine’s main source of income. The location of Constantinople also aided in military conquest and defence, for the empire’s naval headquarters were located along the shores, and had access to the Black Sea and Mediterranean. Because of the Empire’s location, all but overlapping the fallen Roman’s territory, the Byzantine Empire was greatly affected by these Roman’s past traditions and ways of life. The Roman Empire influenced the Byzantine Empire’s culture, mainly through the religion of Christianity. Christianity first appeared in the Roman Empire, with the birth, teachings, and supposed resurrection of Jesus Christ. In the beginning years of it’s arrival, Christianity was not tolerated and Christians were mainly, and most often brutally prosecuted. However, with Constantine’s Edict of Milan, Christianity was officially tolerated, and under Theodosius, it became the official religion of the Roman Empire. 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Although this sounds like an achievement the one-thousand year Byzantine Empire was not as great as it is expected to be. The Sassanid Empire that lied just east of the Byzantine Empire, or in present day Iran was alsoRead MoreJewish, Early Christian, Byzantine and Islamic Art1557 Words   |  7 PagesTeri Wilson March 1, 2010 Professor Hollinger Module 5 JEWISH, EARLY CHRISTIAN, BYZANTINE AND ISLAMIC ART Every religion has its own approach to art and architecture. An assessment between different traditions can offer an illuminating insight into the varying religious outlooks and theologies. Architecture, as well as art, is influenced by a number of forces in society, in the environment, in the psychology of the people who produce it, and in different institutions. It is an expression of inner

Community Management and Organizations Path Goal Theory

Question: Discuss about the Community Management and Organizations for Path Goal Theory. Answer: Essay research Introduction The topic selected for the essay is path goal theory and its implication in organizations. The path goal theory of leadership consists of four groups such as leadership styles, environmental contingencies, outcomes and subordinate contingencies. The essay research will focus on the styles of leadership that are described in the theory with the context of organizational examples. Leaders will change and adapt their pattern of leadership that suits their employees. Discussion The basic assumptions illustrated by path goal theory of leadership are clarifying paths towards reaching goals, taking care of problems, increasing the number of rewards, taking initiatives that satisfy the employees. However, the leaders can increase the productivity of the team by explaining different positive aspects of its style. The leadership styles that will be explained in the essay are as follows: Directive Leadership Leaders of organizations such as Google follow directive leadership styles. They clarify the guidelines and expectations. The guidelines of a particular work include rules and regulations, setting various guidelines of performances, work schedule and performance of tasks. In this way, the relation between the leader and followers will be nurtured. Communication between the team members is the cause of the improved relationship and improved productivity of the team while accomplishing the goals (Chemers 2014). Supportive Leadership The leaders following supportive leadership style are usually friendly in nature. The approach of these leaders is different from leaders who are practicing different style of leadership such as autocratic and transformational leadership. Global organization like 3M follows supportive leadership in order to motivate the executives of the company. As the company is focused with innovation, hence leaders motivate the employees by increasing employee confidence, improvement of trust and relations between leaders and followers, etc (Daft 2014). Participative Leadership Participative leadership is the most popular style of leadership practiced by many successful leaders of the world. This form of leadership style is characterized by consulting the employees in the decision making process of the company. For instance, founder of South West Airlines, Herb Kelleher follows participative leadership for making any decision in the company. He is famous for the leadership style followed by him in the organization. In this way, Kelleher is successful in maintaining a reputation in the airline sector (Dinh et al. 2014). Achievement oriented Achievement oriented leadership style is characterized by having high expectations from the followers. Leaders assume that the subordinates or the followers will take the responsibility of the work they are assigned to. Steve Jobs in Apple believe in innovation. Executives of Apple have high responsibility as they are focused on development of innovative products. The roles of the employees are challenging in nature that help Apple in maintaining the quality of its products (Li et al. 2012). Outcomes (Performance and satisfaction) The performances of the organization along with the satisfaction of the employees are mentioned in the essay. Various organizational examples are explained in the essay such as Southwest, Apple, McDonalds, 3M, Google, etc. The path-goal leadership theory is implemented in order to develop the appropriate forms of leadership along with its improved productivity among the employees of the different organizations. The satisfaction of the employees must be high so that they can deliver their best in their particular field of work. It is seen that, various forms of leadership like directive, supportive, achievement oriented and participative leadership are implemented in accomplishing the organizational goals. Various organizations have different practice of leadership theories based on the nature of the organization culture as well as the employees associated with it. Apart from that, situational leadership can also be implemented in a team to improve the efficiency of the workers along with the productivity of the team to meet the target set for them by the organization. It depends on the understanding of the leader of the company. Subordinate and environmental contingency Factors of subordinate contingency can be divided into perceived ability, locus of control and experience. The organization should have their control on the lives of their employees. Internals and externals i.e. the effects of internal and external factors on the lives of employees are also considered by the organizations. Big multinational organizations like McDonalds have increased locus of control to their junior level employees. However, it can be seen that the employees that are experienced or working at middle level and senior level management do not require greater locus of control. Experience of their work in McDonalds helps them in gaining perceived ability. Higher locus of control is considered as directive leadership. It is required for the people who are having little experience. Environmental contingency factors are divided into task structure, formal authority system and primary work group. The factors of leadership that create an effect on the task structure are supportive leadership, directive leadership and no leadership. The situational leadership is the best form of leadership practiced by companies like Southwest Airlines. Southwest has a good form of leadership by its senior management that increased the productivity of the company. The formal authority system is very clear which is the result of participative and situational leadership. The employees of Southwest Airlines are included in the decision making process so that they feel that organizations provide value to them. It is the form of primary work group. Conclusion Many leaders follow the path goal theory of leadership across the world. The four styles of leadership that are described above have practical implications that are described above. the organizational leaders are famous for their own style of leadership not only within the organization but also outside the company. The other four approaches of the theory if implemented in a right way will increase the performance level of the team. Essay Plan Introduction The question that is set regarding the topic of Path Goal leadership theory in the essay research is: How do organizations use the mentioned leadership styles by reducing the weaknesses present in the team apart from having criticisms? The question is interesting because it covers the negative aspects faced by a team at organizational level. Solutions are also provided regarding the mentioned problems faced by the individual teams of various organizations. Criticisms will also be described in the following. Discussion Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Topic Sentence : Directive leadership helps leaders to lead the team towards higher productivity and performance level by reducing errors of the team. Topic Sentence : Global leaders of the organizations follow this leadership while improving the employee relations. Topic Sentence : Participative leadership helps in giving priorities to the junior executives while increasing their motivation towards work. Example: Small medium enterprises usually follow directive leadership (Yukl 2012). Example: Weaknesses of the team members are improved by the implementation of the supportive leadership style (Van Knippenberg and Sitkin 2013). Example: Leaders of global corporations usually involve the mid level and junior members while formulating strategies of the organization (Van Wart 2013). Explanation: There are many problems that are faced by the supervisors and team leaders of the small medium enterprises. The problems are inexperienced employees, unstructured tasks, unclear authority system. Apart from that, external authority controls the employees of the organizations with lower ability to perceive things. Explanation: A team can have different problems such as lack of confidence, frustrating tasks, lack of interest in the delegated tasks, etc. there are many other problems in a team that can arise due to lack of conveying the goals and objectives of the accomplished tasks. Explanation: Most of the cases, team leaders delegate tasks without knowing the nature of the team performers. This leads to dissatisfaction of the workers while resulting in poor performance. Link: Directive leadership will structure the tasks and formal authority system in a clear and structured way. The leader will diminish the external locus of control while improving the cohesiveness of the team. Link: Supportive leadership style by leaders will enhance the relationship between the leader and employees. This can lead to more interactions that minimize the errors of the team members. Link: Participative leadership helps global leaders in giving priority to the employees that are having potential to grow in the organization. Paragraph 4 Paragraph 5 Paragraph 6 Topic Sentence Achievement oriented leadership helps improving performance more rather than individual importance. Topic Sentence The four styles have negative impacts too that can hinder the progress of a team. Topic Sentence The strengths of the theory illustrate different forms of leadership along with other environmental and subordinate contingencies. Example Apple is a follower of this style of leadership that highlights innovation (Lorinkova et al. 2013). Example Leaders must have to understand the weaknesses of the team in order to proper implementation of the team (Roueche et al. 2014). Example Organizations face issues in locus of control, task structure, delegation of tasks, etc (Martin et al. 2013). Explanation Individual goals are more focused rather than team goals. Responsibilities of the workers sometimes are not performed well in case of complex tasks. Explanation The theory is complex in nature and it considers many parameters that are hard to follow. The components are very hard to implement in practical field. It can also create dependence of the leaders to the form of leadership styles. Explanation Path goal theory has these approaches in the theoretical framework. It will help in improving the relation between the team members and supervisors. Link The type of leadership style will increase the internal control of the leader to the team. The employees must be qualified with required tasks for accomplishing tasks. Link Criticisms are there for the leaders for implementation of the leadership styles. Leaders must have a clear understanding of the various styles before implementing it. Link The theoretical frameworks will work best if the leaders or the supervisors have a clear understanding of the both strengths and weaknesses of the preferred style of leadership. Conclusion The cases that are discussed in the essay research and essay plan discusses about the various practices of leadership styles followed by different leaders of the world. The topic selected for the essay describes different forms of leadership styles along with its positive and negative impacts. References Chemers, M., 2014.An integrative theory of leadership. Psychology Press. Daft, R.L., 2014.The leadership experience. Cengage Learning. Dinh, J.E., Lord, R.G., Gardner, W.L., Meuser, J.D., Liden, R.C. and Hu, J., 2014. Leadership theory and research in the new millennium: Current theoretical trends and changing perspectives.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.36-62. Li, Y., Tan, C.H. and Teo, H.H., 2012. Leadership characteristics and developers motivation in open source software development.Information Management,49(5), pp.257-267. Lorinkova, N.M., Pearsall, M.J. and Sims, H.P., 2013. Examining the differential longitudinal performance of directive versus empowering leadership in teams.Academy of Management Journal,56(2), pp.573-596. Martin, S.L., Liao, H. and Campbell, E.M., 2013. Directive versus empowering leadership: A field experiment comparing impacts on task proficiency and proactivity.Academy of Management Journal,56(5), pp.1372-1395. Roueche, P.E., Baker III, G.A. and Rose, R.R., 2014.Shared vision: Transformational leadership in American community colleges. Rowman Littlefield. Van Knippenberg, D. and Sitkin, S.B., 2013. A critical assessment of charismaticTransformational leadership research: Back to the drawing board?.The Academy of Management Annals,7(1), pp.1-60. Van Wart, M., 2013. Lessons from leadership theory and the contemporary challenges of leaders.Public Administration Review,73(4), pp.553-565. Yukl, G., 2012. Effective leadership behavior: What we know and what questions need more attention.The Academy of Management Perspectives,26(4), pp.66-85.

Trends in the Global Business Environment for Collaborative Overload

Question: Write about theTrends in the Global Business Environment for Collaborative Overload. Answer: Introduction The following piece of essay focuses on the different issues of the contemporary business environment. The business environment in the modern day is indeed very much complex and it demands the interference of the higher level managers. The business organizations in the contemporary times focus around the improvement of their performance in the best ways. This is why they need to engage in the collaboration with all the employees. It is indeed very definite that the challenging business environment demands for better performance from all the departments and their employees. If they engage in conflicts with another, this will be very much problematic. So, it is better that the employees begin to collaborate with each other in their workplaces to bring in the best results for the organization. The departments must connect with each other to address the complexities and find out a better way. The organizations have greatly understood the fact that they have to work with one another in or der to survive in the contemporary challenges in the business environments. Literature review In this section, a mini literature review will be conducted in order to discuss the collaboration design in the workplaces. The article chosen here for the discussion is Collaborative Overload published in the Harvard Business Review in the year 2016 written by Rob Cross, Reb Rebele and Adam Grant (Cross, Rebele and Grant 2016). In this section the different issues will be discussed in terms of collaborative practice in the organizations. It has been mentioned in the article that collaborative designs in the contemporary times have been increasing every day. The connectivity between the departments is gradually going up all the time. This has been a major issue in the organizational success (Kaufman and Guerra-Lopez 2013). The managers and the employees need to work together to gain the competitive advantage over their business competitors. It has been seen over the past few decades that the employees do not have much time to work on their assignments as they have to do many things i n their office hours like checking the emails, taking part in the meetings and many more things. This has been a very important part for the employees since they do not how to cope up with these issues in the workplaces. This results in the job burnout and many more severe problems (Cross, Rebele and Grant 2016). Another issue in this scenario is the fact that the organizations is the good results of the collaboration in the organizations. The employees are most times willing to assists their co-employees to reduce the stress on them. This is indeed very much effective for them since they get stressed after going through huge workload (Lee and Bonk 2014). This is why the organizations need to provide the scopes for collaboration among the employees in different contexts. If the employees help each other in difficult scenarios, their teamwork will increase and cross cultural conflicts will be reduced to an extent. The role of collaboration in the workplaces is growing all the more. If the team members collaborate with all other members, the integrated team performance will surely be increased. There are some resources from the perspective of collaboration (Lee and Bonk 2014). These are informational, social and personal. These three types of resources refer to the individual expertise and skil ls, social awareness after getting involved in a brand network and the time and energy of the team members. (Cross, Rebele and Grant 2016). The works of the employees would go in vain if the team members do not applaud it. The case of a blue chip professional services firm has been provided in this set of the article to have a view on the collaborative practices in the workplace (Cross, Rebele and Grant 2016). The aspect of the behavioral change has been noted in this article also to show the impact on the overburdened employees. The stress of the employees has to be reduced in order to get the best kind of performance from them. The organizational behavior has to be changed as well in order to maintain the integrity of the employees in the workplaces (Robbins and Judge 2012). They have to answer to the incoming queries of the customers and the managers had eliminated the meetings for some time so the employees could focus on their individual skills and provide the best efforts for the organization indeed (Robbins and Judge 2012). The structural changes will have to be included in the organizations to see what changes in the behavior could be seen. Some key questions have been identified in this discourse regarding the subject of the article. What structural changes should be incurred into the organizations for collaboration? Can stress and job burnout be reduced by the collaborative overload? How can the resources be used for betterment of performance among the employees? How can technology be utilized in collaboration in the workplaces? It has been a very complex thing to understand the competitive business environment in the modern times. The organizations always need to slow down and show some efforts to make the changes in their structures. As the employee burnout and stress is very much on the rise in the contemporary times, the organizations would need to shift their focus on different things like adopting the collaboration in their organizational framework (Ashkenas et al. 2015). The managers in the leading organizations have to understand that too much stress on the employees could lower their performance to a new level. They should imply the collaborative practice into the organizations because if they engage more brains into a project, it will be completed faster with more creativity. The front-line workers in the organizations should be used to meet the organizational objectives. This will also result in the organizational success in the future. The HR activities will play the major role in redesigning the organizational structures (Ashkenas et al. 2015) The managers have to look into the major problems and find out the best ways in which the problems could be solved with effective decision making power of the concerned employees. The organizations must go on to gain the competitive advantage with these steps from the managers. The workload of the employees should be reduced but at the same time organizational success has to be earned as well. One of the major challenges in the modern business environment is the job burnout and stress of the employees. The organizations have to handle it in the best possible ways so they can retain the employees. The employee turnover and burnout have become real risks in the contemporary management so they need to find some ways to mitigate this (Beheshtifar and Omidvar 2013). The various issues like attending numerous phone calls in a day, answering the emails and participating in the meetings have become huge issues. The research on the various organizations has explored that the employees are not able to give their best efforts due too much pressure in their workplaces. This is why they will need to shift their focus on collaborating with other employees in their departments (Beheshtifar and Omidvar 2013) The employees should be able to work with value-added co-operations with one another in order to do what is best to gain the competitive advantage. When the employees are worth of providing assistance to their co-workers it should not be a big problem for them as well. The importance of collaborative working is increasing to minimize the workload from the shoulders of the stressed out employees. Hopefully, the employees would be able to perform better if their stress is reduced. This question deals about the different resources that are needed for the collaborative work in the organizations. There are three different types of resources in the organizations so they need to imply all of them in the equal ways (Melton and Hartline 2013) These three different resources are informational, social and personal resources. The informational resources of the employees signify the skills and capabilities that they have to complete the projects. They should be adept in completing the projects effectively. The social resources mean the awareness of the employees about the projects and the position that he holds in the distributive network in the organization (Melton and Hartline 2013) This can be used as a resource for collaborating with one another in a better method. This will probably erase the cross cultural conflicts in the organizations as well. The personal resources are the energy and time of the individual employees (Melton and Hartline 2013). These factors do not work in the same way for everyone. So, the employees should always work as a team. The inefficiencies of one team member should be covered up by the others. This should really be helpful indeed. The personal resources cannot be shared but they can be utilized when the employees work as a team in the collaborative method (Melton and Hartline 2013) The time one project takes to be completed will obviously depend on the infinite energy of the employees. Technology is a very important aspect in terms of the organizational procedures. The organizations should utilize the technology for achieving the business objectives (Worthington 2012) In the modern context of the digital disruption, the organizations might go on to rely on all the latest technological updates. The use of technology is very much influential in order to improve the capacity of the workforce. The employees should be trained to work with collaboration and produce the best results for the organization indeed. The knowledge of the employees regarding the use of technology should be turned into action when they will use the technology for the betterment of the business performance (Worthington 2012). The employees should work together and use the current technological devices to provide the information faster. These things would indeed very important for the organization to better their service to the customers. The employees can use various social media tools and collabo rate to build up new strategies for the expansion of their markets (Worthington 2012) The technological solutions should be based on the knowledge of the employees and how they can work together. The smooth flow of the work should be enough to bring the organizational success. Conclusion This paper can be concluded by saying that collaborative overload has been a menacing component in the modern global business environment. The selected journal has been analyzed and the literature review has been given on this journal. The four key questions have been found in order to to highlight on the components on this journal even more. These four questions have been discussed and important information has been provided regarding this topic. Thus it can be said that issues and challenges related to collaborative workload has been discussed in this paper with much analysis. References Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T. and Kerr, S., 2015.The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Beheshtifar, M. and Omidvar, A.R., 2013. Causes to create job burnout in organizations.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,3(6), p.107. Cross, R., Rebele, R. and Grant, A., 2016. Collaborative overload.Harvard Business Review,94(1), p.16. Melton, H.L. and Hartline, M.D., 2013. Employee collaboration, learning orientation, and new service development performance.Journal of Service Research,16(1), pp.67-81. Worthington, J., 2012.Reinventing the workplace. Routledge.